Kapita Selekta - Finance Management

Time Value of Money

𝐹𝑣 = 𝑃𝑣 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛

𝐹𝑣 = Future value
𝑃𝑣 = Present value
𝑖 = interest rate
𝑛 = time span

Contoh Soal:
If we have $100 now in savings account that pays 7% interest compounded annually. How much the value of our savings in next 2 years?

Fv = 100(1+0.07)^2
    = $114.49

What is the present value of $1000 received in 2021? Given the interest rate is 7%

n = 2021 - 2016 = 5
1000 = Pv (1+0.07)^5
Pv = 1000/1.4 = $714.28

Break Even Analysis:

Break Even Point

point dimana total cost = total revenue

rumus:

𝑇𝑅 = 𝑇𝐶 

𝑃 × 𝑋 = 𝑇𝐹𝐶 + 𝑉 × 𝑋 

𝑃 × 𝑋 − 𝑉 × 𝑋 = 𝑇𝐹𝐶

𝑋 = 𝑇𝐹𝐶 /(𝑃 − 𝑉)

Dimana:

TR = Total Revenue

TC = Total Cost

P = unit Price  

V = Variable cost 

TFC = Total Fixed Cost

X = Break Even Point

For example, if it costs $25 to produce a chair, and there are fixed costs of $1,000, the breakeven point for selling the widgets would be:

If selling for $100: 14 chairs (Calculated as 1000/(100-25)=13.333)

If selling for $200: 6 chairs (Calculated as 1000/(200-25)=5.714)

Payback Period

Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengembalikan uang investasi

PP = Initial Cost / Annual Cash-in Flow

CONTOH:

Cost Benefit Analysis

Method of comparing the estimated total benefit to the estimated total investment (cost) required.

All value should be in net present value.

ROI Analysis

-> Digunakan untuk mengetahui efisiensi investment atau membandingkan dengan investasi lainnya

Rumus:

𝑅𝑂𝐼 = (𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛−𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡) / 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡  

Contoh:

1. Let’s say we invest $1000 in a business that returns $1200 a year later. 

-> The ROI would be ($1200-$1000)/$1000 = $200/$1000 = 20%

2. In 2015, we invest $1500 to start a business. By 2020, we sold the share for $3000. 

-> The ROI would be 100%

Which investment is more profitable? Why?

Jawab: sebenarnya nilai kedua kasus diatas sama, tapi yang lebih profitable adalah kasus pertama karena langsung mendapat keuntungan di tahun pertama, sedangkan kasus kedua mendapat keuntungan dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun.

Hope this helps!

Referensi: materi Kapita Selekta Week 8 Universitas Multimedia Nusantara